江南大学陈洁教授、何志勇教授发表国际食品顶刊综述：松花粉化学组成、健康作用、加工和食品应用

展源 2023-09-11

近日，江南大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点 Yong Cheng(第一作者)、陈洁教授(通讯作者)和何志勇教授(通讯作者)等在国际食品顶刊《Trends in Food Science & Technology》(Q1，IF：15.3)发表了题为“Pine pollen: A review of its chemical composition, health effects, processing, and food applications”的综述论文。

松花粉被誉为“天然微营养银行”，是松科植物马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)、油松(Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)或同属其他植物雄性孢子。由于松花粉丰富的营养物质、生物活性化合物和健康益处，其作为中药和可食用原料在中国具有悠久的使用历史。该综述总结了关于松花粉化学组成、健康作用、加工和储存以及食品应用的研究成果，同时也强调了松花粉有益作用背后的可能机制以及未来研究和发展方向。

松花粉是常量营养素和生物活性化合物的一个丰富来源，其被证实具有多种健康益处，包括抗氧化、免疫调节、抗炎、葡萄糖和脂质代谢调节、抗菌和抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗癌、护肝、胃肠道调节作用、抗衰老和其他生物活性。松花粉营养品质和有益作用受采后加工方法的影响。松花粉在食品工业例如饮料、油酥糕点、乳制品、递送系统以及作为用于分离和纯化极性分析物的吸附剂中有着广泛的应用。未来需要进行体内实验和临床试验来加深对松花粉健康益处的了解。探索多种加工方法结合来优化松花粉作为一种营养食品资源的利用。

Fig. 1. Plantation area ratio by species group (A) and region (B) ( FAO, 2000 ); Pine pollen and its microstructure: raw and wild-harvested pine pollen (C); schematic and scanning electron microscopy images of pine pollen (D) (adapted from Prabhakar et al., 2018a , Prabhakar et al., 2018b ); schematic diagram and tables defining key pine pollen dimensions (E) (adapted from Prabhakar et al., 2018a , Prabhakar et al., 2018b ).

Fig. 2. Structures of flavonoids (A); phenolic acids (B); tocopherols (C); and sterols (D) in pine pollen.

Fig. 3. Proposed mechanisms involved in macrophage activation by pine pollen sulfated polysaccharides through the TLR4/PI3K/PLC/IP3R/CRAC/Ca2+ signaling pathway (A) (adapted from Geng et al., 2016); The possible mechanisms of pine pollen water extract on obesity by influencing fatty acid synthesis and oxidation balance, as well as regulating the orexigenic neuropeptides to regulate appetite (B) (adapted from Geng et al., 2015); Anti-aging property of pine pollen through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and the cellular senescence controlled by the p53and p16-pRB pathways (C).

Fig. 4. General flow chart of the processing of pine pollen: the processing of edible pine pollen and their products (A); the preparation of sporopollenin from pine pollen (B).

Fig. 5. Applications of pine pollen in food products (A); the flow chart for the production of fermented pine pollen-cherry health wine (B); and applications of pine pollen in delivery system (C) and (D) (adapted from Prabhakar et al., 2018a, Prabhakar et al., 2018b and Sun et al., 2019, respectively) and in the separation and purification of polar analytes (E) (adapted from Lu, Zhao, Yu, & Feng, 2015).

The picture of pine pollen in Fig. 5 (A) was copied from www.alibaba.com/product ; pictures (a) and (g) were copied from www.5dgz.com ; picture (b) was copied from www.mac69.com/material ; picture (c) was copied from www.douguo.com ; pictures (d), (e), and (f) were copied from lostempireherbs.com .